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My Name Is Mary Sutter

A Novel

Robin Oliveira - Author

Hardcover | $26.95 | add to cart | view cart
ISBN 9780670021673 | 384 pages | 13 May 2010 | Viking Adult | 5.98 x 9.01in | 18 - AND UP
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An enthralling historical novel about a young woman's struggle to become a doctor during the Civil War

In this stunning first novel, Mary Sutter is a brilliant, head­strong midwife from Albany, New York, who dreams of becoming a surgeon. Determined to overcome the prejudices against women in medicine-and eager to run away from her recent heartbreak- Mary leaves home and travels to Washington, D.C. to help tend the legions of Civil War wounded. Under the guidance of William Stipp and James Blevens-two surgeons who fall unwittingly in love with Mary's courage, will, and stubbornness in the face of suffering-and resisting her mother's pleas to return home to help with the birth of her twin sister's baby, Mary pursues her medical career in the desperately overwhelmed hospitals of the capital.

Like Charles Frazier's Cold Mountain and Robert Hicks's The Widow of the South, My Name Is Mary Sutter powerfully evokes the atmosphere of the period. Rich with historical detail (including marvelous depictions of Lincoln, Dorothea Dix, General McClellan, and John Hay among others), and full of the tragedies and challenges of wartime, My Name Is Mary Sutter is an exceptional novel. And in Mary herself, Robin Oliveira has created a truly unforgettable heroine whose unwavering determination and vulnerability will resonate with readers everywhere.

"Are you Mary Sutter?" Hours had passed since James Blevens had called for the midwife. All manner of shouts and tumult drifted in from the street, and so he had answered the door to his surgery rooms with some caution, but the young woman before him made an arresting sight: taller and wider than was generally considered handsome, with an unflattering hat pinned to an unruly length of curls, though an enticing brightness about the eyes compensated. "Mary Sutter, the midwife?" he asked.

"Yes, I am Mary Sutter." The young woman looked from the address she had inscribed that afternoon in her small, leather-bound notebook to the harried man in front of her, wondering how he could possibly know who she was. He was all angles, and his sharp chin gave the impression of discipline, though his uncombed hair and unbuttoned vest were damp with sweat.

"Oh, thank God," he said, and catching her by the elbow, pulled her inside and slammed the door shut on the cold April rain and the stray warble of a bugle in the distance. James Blevens knew Mary Sutter only by reputation. She is good, even better than her mother, people said. Now, he formed an indelible impression of attractiveness, though there was nothing attractive about her. Her features were far too coarse, her hair far too wild and already beginning to silver. People said she was young, but you could not tell that by looking at her. She was an odd one, this Mary Sutter.

A kerosene lantern flickered in the late afternoon dimness, revealing shelves of medical instruments: scales, tensile prongs, hinged forceps, monoral and chest stethoscopes, jars of pickled fetal pigs, ether stoppered in azure glass, a femur bone stripped in acid, a human skull, a stomach floating in brine, jars of medicines, an apothecary's mortar and pestle. Mary could barely tear her eyes from the bounty.

"She is here, at last," the man said over his shoulder. Mary Sutter peered into the darkness and saw a young woman lying on an exam table, a blanket thrown across her swollen belly, betraying the unmistakable exhaustion of late labor.

"Yes, yes," he said, waving her question away with irritation. "Didn't my boy send you here?"

"No. I came to see you on my own. Are you Doctor Blevens?"

"Of course I am."

Now that her chance had come, Mary felt almost shy, the humiliation of her afternoon rearing up, along with the anger that had propelled her here, looking for a last chance.

"Doctor Blevens, I came here today-" Mary stopped and exhaled. All the hope of the past year spilled over as she stumbled over her words. "Today I sat in the lobby of the medical college for four hours waiting for Doctor Marsh, and he didn't even have the courtesy to see me." Mary shut out the memory of her afternoon spent in the unwelcoming misery of the Albany Medical College, where after several hours the corpulent clerk had finally hissed, Doctor Marsh no longer wishes to receive letters of application from you, so you are to respectfully desist in any further petition.

"When he refused to see me, I decided to come and ask something of you," Mary said.

"Would you mind asking me later?" Blevens asked, propelling Mary toward the young woman. "I need your help. This is Bonnie Miles. Her husband dropped her here early this afternoon. He said she has lost a child before-her first. I think the baby's head is stuck."

Mary pulled off her gloves and unwrapped her shawl, her quest forgotten for the moment, all her attention focused on the woman's exhaustion and youth. Bonnie was small-boned, tiny in all her features, too young, Mary thought, perhaps fifteen, maybe seventeen.

She resembled Jenny. It was something about the way she spoke, the shape of her lips against her teeth. It was then that Mary knew she had to guard against the resemblance, for her antipathy to her sister might cause her to be unkind toward this girl who needed her.

"My last one died," Bonnie said, whispering, drawing Mary close to her, her face transforming from a feverish daze to one of grief.

"I beg your pardon?"

"The baby before this," Bonnie said, her eyes half-closed. "I didn't know it was labor I was taken with, you see?"

The ignorance! It was exactly like Jenny. But Jenny's ignorance was something altogether different, a refusal to engage, to exert herself. A lack of curiosity.

Outside, above the street clatter of carriages and vendors came the hard clang of the fire bell, and cries of "On to the South!"

Blevens rushed to the window and threw it open as Mary whispered to Bonnie not to worry. The rising strains of a band joined the bugle, producing a festive, off tune march that beckoned like a piper. A swelling crowd hurried along the turnpike, shoulders and wool hats bent against the rain. In the distance the flat pop of gunfire sounded.

"You there! Hello? Can you give me the news?" Blevens cried.

A man who had stopped to don an oilskin looked up, revealing a slick, battered face, pocked, the doctor was certain, at the ironworks where the spitting metal often scarred workers' faces.

"Haven't you heard?" the man shouted. "The Carolinians fired on Fort Sumter!"

"Has Lincoln called for men?" the doctor asked, but the scarred man melted into the stream of revelers pushing down the muddy turnpike toward the music as if something were reeling them in. James Blevens slammed down the window and turned.

"I cannot believe it," he said. "It is war."

A "skillful debut ..."
-The Daily Beast

" ...riveting saga about trying to break a 19th-century glass ceiling."
-Good Housekeeping

"Oliveira's debut novel is magnificent historical fiction."
-Bookpage

"The language is beautiful and the story will keep you on the edge of your seat throughout ..."
-(Albany) Times Union

" ...compelling voice ... does a splendid job of reminding us how much the known world has changed ... and how much has not."
-(Portland) Oregonian

"Oliveira deftly depicts the chaotic aftermath of battles and develops her own characters while incorporating military and political leaders of the time. The historic details enrich the narrative without overshadowing Mary's struggles. This well-written and compelling debut will engage all readers of historical fiction, especially those interested in the Civil War."
-Library Journal

The title, My Name Is Mary Sutter, is an assertive statement, direct and confident, like Mary herself. Why did you choose this title? Were there others that you had in mind while you were writing?

For the duration of the writing of this book, the working title was The Last Beautiful Day, under which the book won the 2007 James Jones First Novel Fellowship. In rainy Seattle, where I live, Indian summer is often the most beautiful weather; we dread the onset of the winter deluges. One evening in mid-September, when the light seemed particularly velvety and warm, a thrush was singing in the Kousa dogwood in our backyard. To me, the thrush's song is plaintive and operatic and always arouses a sense of yearning. I turned to my husband and remarked that it might be the last beautiful day for a long while. About that time, I was thinking about writing a novel and having a vision of a character whom I would eventually name Mary Sutter. She was seated in shabby period dress at a trestle table, bent over the shaft of a brass microscope fitted with a slide, a shallow candle burning under its glass stage. My sense of longing and loss collided with this curious young stranger, and so the working title was born. But when the novel was finished, my agent, Marly Rusoff, remarked that the story and the title didn't quite match. She suggested My Name Is Mary Sutter and I thought it was perfect. Sometimes authors need a little help to see the crux of the matter. I'm delighted with the title and think it works as a more specific signifier of "aboutness." This story is more about Mary's journey than the elusive meaning the phrase "the last beautiful day" held for me during the novel's creation.

You tackled an enormous amount of research for this novel. How do you find, organize, and incorporate such a wealth of information?

I tell people I write novels just so I can do research. I love libraries, old documents, centuries-old buildings, and the secrets they hold. Finding the information is a matter of hunting down primary sources, which involves taking advantage of interlibrary loan, archives, newspapers, diaries, microfilm, site research, bibliographies, old guide books, rare books and manuscripts, and, when possible, talking with historians and experts who can illuminate elusive points of history and custom. I spoke with dozens of people who generously answered my questions on arcane details. When I couldn't obtain the information I needed, I traveled to Albany; Washington, D.C.; and Civil War battlefields. I am an intuitive worker, which is another way of saying I have terrible paper organizational skills. Whenever I reached a point in the narrative for which I had tucked away in my numerous folders and computer's hard drive some salient detail that would expand the story, a little bell would go off in my head and I'd go searching. I am an ongoing researcher, too. If I need an answer, I stop writing to hunt it down rather than wait, because I never know how that detail might affect the characters and the story. I try to avoid writing paragraphs and paragraphs of exposition, which was at first difficult, because when I started writing the book, I knew very little about the Civil War. Reams and reams of pages fell by the wayside until one day the accumulation of details and facts became less something I needed to tell the reader than something the characters were living. That's when incorporating the research became, to use an overused modifier, organic. It was a moment of alchemy that took place only after I had written many boring drafts.

For readers who are familiar with Dorothea Dix or Clara Barton only through your novel, could you elaborate on their histories and accomplishments? In what ways is Mary modeled on-or against-these? Did any other historical figures influence the creation of her character?

Dorothea Dix and Clara Barton were extraordinary women who achieved a great deal in a time when very few women had the freedom to pursue their goals. Born in 1802 into an abusive, alcoholic family, Dorothea Dix was raised by her grandmother in Boston for the latter part of her childhood. As a young woman, Miss Dix taught and wrote. However, in her thirties she developed ill health, reportedly tuberculosis, and traveled to Europe to recuperate. There she met Quaker reformers interested in improving the treatment of the mentally ill. This was radical thinking, for at that time little understanding existed regarding mental health. When Miss Dix returned to the United States, she led campaigns for better treatment of not only the mentally ill, resulting in legislative initiatives in Massachusetts, Louisiana, Illinois, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania for the building or expansion of state hospitals for the mentally insane, as they were then called, but also for the imprisoned. During the war, she worked as the female superintendent of army nurses, to variable reviews. Afterward, though ill, she again traveled the world to champion care of the neglected. Extensive biographies exist enumerating this woman's indefatigable efforts on behalf of the imprisoned, impoverished, and afflicted. Clara Barton was born in 1821, nearly twenty years after Dorothea Dix. She was an unassuming recording clerk in the U.S. Patent Office when the war began. Dismayed by the stories of suffering, she requested supplies and a pass to visit battlefields from General William Hammond. She first visited Cedar Mountain, and then Fairfax Station after the Second Battle of Bull Run, or Second Manassas, as Southerners call it. From there her work expanded until she began to be called the "Angel of the Battlefield." After the war, she helped find missing soldiers and identify those Union soldiers who had expired at Andersonville, the notorious Confederate prison. She also embarked on an exhausting speaking tour, describing her experiences during the war. When doctors ordered her to rest, she went to Europe, only to work with the International Committee of the Red Cross in the Franco-Prussian War. Upon her return to the United States, she advocated for an American Red Cross and in 1881 became its first president, later expanding its role of wartime relief to include national disasters. A complete history can be found at http://www.redcross.org/museum/history/claraBarton.asp. I was an avid fan of both these women before I even began the novel, having read and reread their biographies as a child. My memory of their courage, independence, and vision may have inspired similar traits in Mary, but if so, it was unconscious. From the beginning, Mary was herself.

Are there still prejudices against women in the medical profession?

Women's participation in the medical profession has surged in the last thirty years. I believe admissions to medical schools are now fifty percent women. What prejudices remain are mostly subtle, and different for each specialty, but others are overt. For instance, an emerging point of conflict is the number of hours women physicians choose to work as compared with male physicians' working hours. This choice is attributable in part to maternity leave and childcare, still the primary province of mothers, but in many cases also represents a philosophical and generational shift away from the long-held belief that the punishing eighty-hour work week, common when men overwhelmingly dominated the profession, should remain its inviolable standard. But it should be mentioned that this pursuit of a schedule that is more tenable for family life has been used throughout the centuries as a barrier to women's success in nearly every profession, not just medicine.

What was the state of hospitals and the nursing profession at the beginning of the Civil War?

Neither the nursing profession nor the hospital system as we know it now existed then. Nurses were listed in city directories, but they were women for hire who fed, bathed, and soothed a sick or dying person. (It has been reported that prostitutes posing as nurses roamed the halls of Bellevue Hospital, offering another kind of comfort to the ill.) Neither were there nursing schools. For the most part, the few hospitals available, especially the public hospitals, were generally places to which only the poor and indigent resorted, because infection was rampant and privacy nonexistent. Whenever possible, a sick or dying person wanted to be cared for at home, in the company of his family.

What inspired you to write about this particular era? In what ways is this period a turning point for the country, for women, and for the science of medicine?

I didn't so much choose the era as the era chose me through the character of Mary. The Civil War served the role that most wars play: they have a tendency to liberate women. We all remember the image of Rosie the Riveter in World War II. Women step into the gap created by absent men, and in that gap lies freedom. While the war was our country's adolescent rebellion-our exploration of who we were going to be-it was also the beginning of modern medicine in America. The wealth of medical cases and trauma prompted the research that, later coupled with Lister's and Semmelweis's discoveries regarding germ theory, launched medicine decades ahead of where it might have been if not for the war.

The descriptions of Mary's medical work are fascinating, detailed, and often grueling. How did you incorporate your experience as a nurse into the writing of this novel?

During my career, I worked in ob-gyn, bone marrow transplant, and intensive care. Though I drew on all these specialties in the writing of Mary Sutter, I will never forget the emotional impact of walking for the first time into the room of an intensive-care patient with multiple lines, tubes, IV drips, and medications. Though I'd been well trained, it was a daunting, terrifying, and humbling experience to know that the patient's life depended on my competence. Writing Mary's experience was a matter of translating my twentieth-century situation with its profusion of medical supplies, support, technology, and shift relief,to nineteenth-century battlefields and hospitals lacking any of the same. However different, all life-and-death situations render the caregiver intensely focused. It was at this sensory and emotional crossroad that I was able to write Mary. On a less extreme level, the medical research I undertook was very pleasurable, because I already knew the language, instruments, and pathology. The medical histories in the six-volume Medical and Surgery History of the War of the Rebellion fascinated me, as did the French surgery text on amputations I found. What others might have thought ghoulish, I found engrossing.

While collecting limbs on the battlefield, Blevins thinks that "despite all the specimens he'd collected over the years, he had always been able to separate the person from the object" (p. 340). Is this type of detachment necessary for a doctor or researcher to do his job well?

It depends. A pathologist working with tissue is far more able to detach himself than a physician at a bedside. Midwives as well as physicans and nurses of all specialties daily manage a delicate balance between the objective and the subjective, knowledge and compassion, attachment and detachment.

Which character was the most difficult to write and why? What tools did you use to overcome this challenge?

Jenny was the most challenging. She seems to be one person at the beginning of the novel, then emerges as another. That she possessed a set of values different from Mary's (and mine) made rounding her out as a character a task that took quite a bit of thought and revision. I relied on the principle that while characters are often posed as opposites, no one is one-sided, and characters' motivations are always complex.

In a story with many different points of view, you include President Lincoln's. Why did you include him and why is he important to the story?

Lincoln inserted himself into the story as soon as he met with Dorothea Dix. Sometimes characters insist, and Mr. Lincoln insisted. Only near the end of writing the book did I realize that Lincoln's and Mary's stories mirrored one other: they were both coming of age in their respective roles, he as a president fighting to gain control of a disobedient general and an unwieldy war, and she as a woman fighting to become someone no one believed she could be. Each, too, had a very personal grief to overcome. And had Lincoln never given Dorothea Dix the go-ahead to create a nursing force, Mary's story may never have happened, or would not have happened in the same way. In my mind, Mary and Lincoln became inextricably linked.

Mary's mother, Amelia, is a fascinating and nuanced character. In what ways is she conflicted about motherhood in general and about Mary specifically? What is her greatest strength as a parent?

Like Mary, Amelia was a woman ahead of her time. As a midwife, she practiced a profession that, while giving her greater social and economic freedom than other women experienced, also isolated her. She could deliver babies, but her own children, as other women perceived it, were out of control. Amelia knew this gossip was envy, and yet when it came to her children, she despaired: her dissimilar daughters could not find common ground; her son, whom she adored, skipped off to war; and the daughter to whom she was closest, Mary, defied her requests at almost every turn. Amelia is a woman who exhausted herself for her children and yet in adulthood they confounded her. I think her greatest strength is her willingness to self-examine, which allows her to endure despite her disappointments.

What is your next project? Would you consider writing another historical novel?

I am writing another historical novel, which involves a new era and a subject about which I know very little, again providing another chance for prodigious amounts of research. The learning curve on this next one is very steep, however, and is keeping me up nights.


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